组合优化
组合最优化，在应用数学和理论计算机科学的领域中，组合优化是在一个有限的对象集中找出最优对象的一类问题。[1]在很多组合优化的问题中，穷举搜索／枚举法是不可行的。组合优化的问题的特征是可行解的集是离散或者可以简化到离散的，并且目标是找到最优解。常见的例子有旅行商问题和最小生成树。二维的例子，比如服装厂做衣服，衣服分成很多块，这些块需要从布料上切下来。怎么切，剩下的废布料最少？三维的例子，如集装优化。
组合优化的难处，主要是加进来拓扑分析，不同的拓扑形态下，不同部分的约束关系便不同，算法也就要调整。如果给定一个拓扑形态，组合优化往往就退化成一个整数优化的问题了。
参考文献
- ^ Schrijver 2003，第1页.
引注
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